Global Vision Law Firm, led by Adv. Amarendra Kumar Dubey, represents companies, creditors, promoters and shareholders before National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) benches across India — corporate insolvency resolution (CIRP), oppression and mismanagement, mergers and amalgamations, class action suits, and personal guarantor insolvency — along with appeals before the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT). With over 13 years of litigation experience, we build our strategy around one fact most people underestimate: the NCLT is a jurisdiction of strict timelines and precise pleadings, where a well-filed petition often decides the outcome before the first hearing.
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The National Company Law Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body constituted under Section 408 of the Companies Act, 2013, functional since June 1, 2016. It didn't just add a new court — it consolidated jurisdiction that used to be scattered across three different bodies.
The NCLT absorbed the Company Law Board, the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction, and the winding-up jurisdiction previously exercised by High Courts — one specialised forum instead of three.
Company law matters under the Companies Act — mergers, oppression and mismanagement, class actions, capital reduction — and insolvency matters under the IBC, where the NCLT is the Adjudicating Authority for corporate debtors.
Both Section 430 of the Companies Act and Section 231 of the IBC oust civil court jurisdiction over matters the NCLT can decide, but the Supreme Court has drawn a firm line around what actually falls within that scope.
An IBC insolvency petition under Sections 7 or 9 needs a minimum default of ₹1 crore — a threshold raised from ₹1 lakh during the pandemic and still in force, which rules out many smaller recovery claims from this route entirely.
In Embassy Property Developments v. State of Karnataka, the Supreme Court held that the NCLT's jurisdiction under the IBC does not extend to public law matters — like a government's decision on a mining lease — even where a corporate debtor is under insolvency resolution. Similarly, in TCS v. Vishal Ghisulal Jain, the Court clarified that disputes unrelated to the insolvency itself, arising before the CIRP began, generally fall outside the NCLT's scope. Knowing where this line sits is often the difference between a petition that succeeds and one that gets dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
Adv. Amarendra Kumar Dubey, Founder & Managing Partner of Global Vision Law Firm, brings over 13 years of litigation experience to NCLT matters — insolvency petitions, oppression and mismanagement disputes, and the appeals that follow before the NCLAT when a bench's order needs to be challenged.
NCLT practice punishes petitions filed in the wrong scope — a matter that looks like insolvency but is really a contractual dispute, or a company law issue disguised as an IBC claim. We test jurisdiction rigorously before filing, not after a dismissal order.
Our Delhi office sits near the NCLT's Principal Bench, and we represent clients before NCLT benches across India and before the NCLAT, coordinating filings and hearings wherever your matter is listed.
From a first insolvency notice or shareholder dispute to representation on appeal before the NCLAT.
Filing and defending Section 7, 9 and 10 insolvency petitions for financial creditors, operational creditors, and corporate debtors seeking voluntary resolution.
Representing minority shareholders and promoters in disputes over unfair prejudice, mismanagement of company affairs, and denial of rights under Sections 241-242.
Advising on and obtaining NCLT sanction for schemes of merger, amalgamation, and demerger under Sections 230-232 of the Companies Act.
Representing groups of shareholders or depositors in class action proceedings under Section 245 against a company's wrongful conduct.
Handling insolvency proceedings against personal guarantors to corporate debtors under Sections 95-100 of the IBC, for both creditors and guarantors.
Drafting and arguing appeals before the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal against NCLT orders, and onward to the Supreme Court where warranted.
In-depth guides on the NCLT matters businesses and shareholders face most often.
A corporate insolvency resolution process begins when a financial or operational creditor, or the company itself, approaches the NCLT alleging a default of at least ₹1 crore — triggering a strict, time-bound process aimed at either reviving the company or moving it toward liquidation. We represent creditors filing insolvency petitions and corporate debtors defending against them, at every stage from admission through resolution plan approval.
Learn More →Once a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process is admitted, control of the company passes to a resolution professional, a moratorium freezes most legal proceedings against the company, and creditors organise into a committee to evaluate resolution plans. We advise creditors on maximising recovery through the CIRP and advise corporate debtors and promoters on navigating the process, including exit options where available.
Learn More →A Section 7 petition is filed by a financial creditor — typically a bank, NBFC, or bondholder — and is generally easier to get admitted than an operational creditor's claim, since the NCLT's inquiry is largely limited to whether a debt and default exist. We draft and file Section 7 petitions for financial creditors and represent corporate debtors contesting the existence or quantum of the alleged default.
Learn More →A Section 9 petition is filed by an operational creditor — suppliers, vendors, or service providers owed money — but requires a prior demand notice and can be defeated by a pre-existing dispute raised by the debtor before the petition is filed. We help operational creditors build petitions that withstand a dispute defence, and help debtors identify and evidence genuine pre-existing disputes.
Learn More →A Section 241-242 petition lets minority shareholders challenge conduct that is oppressive to them or prejudicial to the company's interests — denial of dividends, exclusion from management, diversion of company assets, or manipulation of shareholding. We represent both minority shareholders seeking relief and majority promoters defending against such claims, where the underlying dispute is often as much about control as it is about legal technicality.
Learn More →Getting an NCLT-sanctioned scheme of merger or amalgamation approved involves shareholder and creditor meetings, regulatory no-objection certificates, and a detailed scheme document that the Tribunal scrutinises closely before sanction. We advise on structuring the scheme, coordinating the approval process across every company involved, and navigating objections raised by regulators or dissenting stakeholders.
Learn More →Section 245 lets a specified number of shareholders or depositors bring a collective claim against a company, its directors, or auditors for conduct prejudicial to their interests — a tool still used relatively rarely in India but with growing relevance as shareholder activism increases. We advise shareholder groups on whether a class action is viable and represent companies defending against such claims.
Learn More →Under Sections 95-100 of the IBC, creditors can pursue insolvency proceedings directly against individuals who personally guaranteed a corporate debtor's loans — a route that has exposed many promoters and directors to direct personal liability even after the corporate insolvency concludes. We represent both creditors pursuing guarantors and guarantors defending their personal assets in these proceedings.
Learn More →An NCLT order isn't the final word — it can be appealed before the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal, generally within 45 days, and a further appeal on a question of law can go to the Supreme Court. We draft and argue NCLAT appeals across insolvency, company law, and merger matters, including urgent stay applications where an NCLT order needs to be paused pending appeal.
Learn More →A clear, jurisdiction-first process for every NCLT matter we take on.
We test whether your matter genuinely falls within the NCLT's jurisdiction, and if so, under which provision — insolvency, company law, or both.
Assembling the financial records, board resolutions, correspondence and agreements needed to support or defend the claim.
Precise drafting of the petition, application, or reply, anticipating the specific defences or objections the matter is likely to face.
Filing before the correct NCLT bench and representing you through every hearing, including urgent interim applications where needed.
Securing the Tribunal's order and advising on compliance — whether that's a resolution plan, a sanctioned scheme, or relief against oppression.
Where the outcome is adverse or the order needs to be challenged, filing and arguing the appeal before the NCLAT within the prescribed limitation period.
Where NCLT's power begins and where it stops.
| Matter Type | Governing Provision | Key Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Corporate Insolvency (CIRP) | Sections 7, 9 & 10, IBC 2016 | Minimum default of ₹1 crore |
| Oppression & Mismanagement | Sections 241-242, Companies Act | Minimum shareholding/member threshold under Section 244 |
| Mergers & Amalgamations | Sections 230-232, Companies Act | Shareholder & creditor approval, regulatory NOCs |
| Class Action Suits | Section 245, Companies Act | Minimum number of shareholders/depositors |
| Personal Guarantor Insolvency | Sections 95-100, IBC 2016 | Valid personal guarantee to a corporate debtor |
| Matters Outside NCLT Scope | Per Embassy Property (SC 2019) | Public law matters & disputes unrelated to insolvency |
Precision on jurisdiction, discipline on timelines.
Over 13 years of litigation experience, bringing rigorous jurisdictional analysis to every NCLT and NCLAT matter we take on.
Following the line drawn by Embassy Property and similar rulings, we confirm a matter genuinely belongs before the NCLT before committing time and cost to it.
We coordinate filings and hearings before NCLT benches across India, not just the Principal Bench in Delhi.
You can visit our Delhi office, meet your lawyer, and go through your company's records and filings face-to-face.
We handle the full lifecycle of a matter — you don't need a new lawyer if a case moves to appeal.
Feedback from clients we've represented before the NCLT and NCLAT.
"A Section 9 petition was filed against our company over a dispute we'd already raised months earlier. The team built a clean pre-existing dispute defence and the petition was dismissed at the admission stage.
"As a minority shareholder being frozen out of decisions, I didn't know I had a real legal remedy until we spoke to Adv. Dubey's team. The oppression and mismanagement petition changed the entire dynamic with my co-founders.
"Our NCLT order went against us on a jurisdictional point we felt was wrong. The team's NCLAT appeal was thorough and well-argued, and we got the relief we should have had from the start.
Common questions about NCLT proceedings in India.
The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body constituted by the Central Government under Section 408 of the Companies Act, 2013, and has been functional since June 1, 2016. It replaced the Company Law Board, the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction, and took over the winding-up jurisdiction previously exercised by High Courts.
The minimum default threshold to initiate a corporate insolvency resolution process under Sections 7 or 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code is ₹1 crore. This limit was raised from the original ₹1 lakh during the COVID-19 pandemic and has been maintained since.
No. Both the Companies Act, 2013 (Section 430) and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Section 231) specifically bar civil courts from entertaining suits or proceedings over matters the NCLT is empowered to decide. However, the Supreme Court has clarified in cases such as Embassy Property Developments v. State of Karnataka that NCLT's jurisdiction does not extend to public law matters or disputes unrelated to the insolvency proceeding itself.
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code envisages a resolution process completed within 330 days from the insolvency commencement date, including any time spent in legal proceedings, though in practice many cases extend beyond this outer limit due to litigation and procedural delays.
The Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026, introduced in the Lok Sabha in March 2026 and currently before a Joint Parliamentary Committee, proposes a single-bench framework for mergers and amalgamations, under which the NCLT bench of the transferee company would have jurisdiction over all companies involved in a scheme, regardless of where the other companies are located. This is intended to remove a common source of delay in multi-company mergers, but is not yet law.
Delhi-based, with coordinated representation across India's NCLT benches and the NCLAT.
Visit our Delhi office for a free consultation, or connect with us online. Whether it's insolvency, oppression and mismanagement, a merger, or an NCLAT appeal — our team led by Adv. Amarendra Kumar Dubey is ready to help, wherever in India your matter is listed.
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